How to Become a US Permanent Resident Without Leaving America

Foreign nationals living in the United States on temporary visas can apply for permanent residence through a process known as adjustment of status, which allows them to obtain a Green Card without leaving the country.

Adjustment of status serves as the domestic route to lawful permanent residence, while applicants outside the United States must complete consular processing through an embassy or consulate. Those approved through adjustment receive a Permanent Resident Card (Form I-551), commonly known as a Green Card, as proof of their new status.

Eligibility depends on the immigration category under which an individual applies. US law recognises several qualifying paths, including family relationships and employment sponsorship, each with its own rules and requirements. 

In most cases, the process begins with two forms: an immigrant petition, usually filed by a sponsor, and the Green Card application. In certain categories, individuals may file on their own behalf. A key element in this process is visa availability. Immediate relatives of US citizens are not subject to annual visa limits and may apply at any time.

Other applicants, such as those in family preference or employment-based categories, must wait until a visa number becomes available. The US Department of State issues a monthly Visa Bulletin listing these availability dates, and applicants must refer to either the “Final Action Dates” or the “Dates for Filing” chart, depending on current USCIS guidance.

Some applicants are allowed to file the immigrant petition and adjustment application at the same time if a visa number is immediately available upon approval. This concurrent filing option is common for immediate relatives and certain employment-based categories.

After submitting Form I-485, applicants attend a biometrics appointment, where fingerprints, photographs, and signatures are collected. USCIS may also require an interview to verify the information provided. 

The agency issues its decision in writing: approval results in the Green Card being sent by mail, while denials include a written explanation. Although a denial cannot usually be appealed, applicants may request a review or reopening of their case.